The pursuit of wealth by individuals in the story leads to their downfall.

The British Empire colonised parts of India. This led to a clash of two very different cultures and ways of life.

The use of scientific rational thought is seen as important in the novella, as it is used by Sherlock Holmes.

In the novella the central male characters are presented as educated and powerful. The main female character, Mary Morstan, is seen as weaker and emotional.

Within the story, criminal activity is presented as a characteristic of the poor and working classes in Victorian London.