A Christmas Carol (Grades 9–1) York Notes

Miserly and mean, Scrooge is isolated from humanity by his desire for making money. He learns about the consequences of his choices and responsibility for others.

A poor clerk, Bob Cratchit contrasts with his employer, Scrooge. Rich in family love he maintains his dignity and Christian values throughout hardship.

Scrooge’s cheerful, generous nephew expresses Dickens’s ideas about the spirit of Christmas and the warmth of family life that Scrooge has rejected.

A benevolent employer, Fezziwig exemplifies the qualities that Scrooge lacks. He celebrates Christmas joyfully, sharing the celebration with his family and employees.

Cratchit’s disabled son is presented sentimentally as angelic and uncomplaining, capable of bringing out the best in people. He embodies the effects of Scrooge’s transformation.